安装SQL Server 2016的硬件需求和软件需求
此主题列出了安装和运行SQL Server 2016的实例的最小的硬件需求和软件需求。
欲了解关于SQL Server先前版本的内容，请参阅安装SQL Server 2014的硬件需求和软件需求。
试一试：
- 从微软体验中心下载SQL Server。
- 配备一台虚拟机，安装了SQL Server 2016
以下的考虑因素适用于所有的版本：
- 我们建议你在一台使用NTFS或ReFS文件格式的计算机上运行SQL Server 2016。在使用FAT32文件格系统的计算机上安装SQL Server 2016是受支持的，但是不建议那么做，因为它的安装性比NTFS或ReFS文件系统要低。
- 在只读、映射或压缩的驱动器上安装SQL Server，安装将被阻塞。
- Installation fails if you launch setup through Remote Desktop Connection with the media on a local resource in the RDC client. To install remotely the media must be on a network share or local to the physical or virtual machine. SQL Server installation media may be either on a network share, a mapped drive, a local drive, or presented as an ISO to a virtual machine.
- SQL Server Management Studio installation requires installing .NET 4.6.1 as a pre-requisite. .NET 4.6.1 will be automatically installed by setup when SQL Server Management Studio is selected.
- SQL Server Setup installs the following software components required by the product:
- SQL Server Native Client
- SQL Server Setup support files
- For minimum version requirements to install SQL Server on Windows Server 2012 or Windows 8, see Installing SQL Server on Windows Server 2012 or Windows 8 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2681562).
This topic contains the following sections:
- Hardware and Software Requirements
- Processor, Memory, and Operating System Requirements
- Cross-Language Support
- Hard Disk Space Requirements
- Storage Types for Data Files
- Installing SQL Server on a Domain Controller
硬件需求和软件需求
下面的需求适用于所有的安装：
| 组件 | 需求 |
|---|---|
| .NET Framework | SQL Server 2016 RC1 and later require .NET Framework 4.6 for the Database Engine, Master Data Services, or Replication. SQL Server 2016 setup automatically installs .NET Framework. You can also manually install .NET Framework from Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6 (Web Installer) for Windows. For more information, recommendations, and guidance about .NET Framework 4.6 see .NET Framework Deployment Guide for Developers. Windows 8.1, and Windows Server 2012 R2 require KB2919355 before installing .NET Framework 4.6. |
| Network Software | Supported operating systems for SQL Server 2016 have built-in network software. Named and default instances of a stand-alone installation support the following network protocols: Shared memory, Named Pipes, TCP/IP and VIA. Note: Shared memory and VIA are not supported on failover clusters. Also note that the VIA protocol is deprecated. This feature will be removed in a future version of Microsoft SQL Server. Avoid using this feature in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use this feature. For more information about Network Protocols and Network Libraries, see Network Protocols and Network Libraries. |
| Hard Disk | SQL Server 2016 requires a minimum of 6 GB of available hard-disk space. Disk space requirements will vary with the SQL Server 2016 components you install. For more information, see Hard Disk Space Requirements later in this topic. For information on supported storage types for data files, see Storage Types for Data Files. |
| Drive | A DVD drive, as appropriate, is required for installation from disc. |
| Monitor | SQL Server 2016 requires Super-VGA (800x600) or higher resolution monitor. |
| Internet | Internet functionality requires Internet access (fees may apply). |
注意：由于虚拟化方面的开销，在虚拟机器上运行SQL Server 2016将比在物理机器上运行它要慢。
There are additional hardware and software requirements for the PolyBase feature. For more information, see Get started with PolyBase.
处理器、内存和操作系统需求
下面的内存和处理器需求适用于SQL Server 2016的所有版本：
| 组件 | 需求 |
|---|---|
| Memory* | Minimum: Express Editions: 512 MB All other editions: 1 GB Recommended: Express Editions: 1 GB All other editions: At least 4 GB and should be increased as database size increases to ensure optimal performance. |
| Processor Speed | Minimum: x64 Processor: 1.4 GHz Recommended: 2.0 GHz or faster |
| Processor Type | x64 Processor: AMD Opteron, AMD Athlon 64, Intel Xeon with Intel EM64T support, Intel Pentium IV with EM64T support |
Note
Installation of SQL Server 2016 is supported on x64 processors only. It is no longer supported on x86 processors.
*The minimum memory required for installing the Data Quality Server component in Data Quality Services (DQS) is 2 GB of RAM, which is different from the SQL Server 2016 minimum memory requirement. For information about installing DQS, see Install Data Quality Services.
WOW64 Support:
WOW64 (Windows 32-bit on Windows 64-bit) is a feature of 64-bit editions of Windows that enables 32-bit applications to run natively in 32-bit mode. Applications function in 32-bit mode, even though the underlying operating system is a 64-bit operating system. WOW64 is not supported for SQL Server 2016 installations. However, Management Tools are supported in WOW64.
Operating System Support:
The SQL Server 2016 editions are classified into the following:
Note
Exceptions to the operating system support noted in this section are the following Business Intelligence features, which can be installed on Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 or later:
- Reporting Services - SharePoint
- Reporting Services Add-in for SharePoint products
在32位客户端操作系统上受支持的功能
Windows client operating systems, for example Windows 10 and Windows 8.1 are available as 32-bit or 64-bit architectures. All SQL Server features are supported on 64-bit client operating systems. On supported 32-bit client operating systems Microsoft supports the following features:
- 数据质量客户端
- 客户端工具连接
- 集成服务
- 客户端工具向后兼容性
- 客户端工具SDK
- 文档组件
- 分布式重播组件
- 分布式重播控制器
- 分布式重播客户端
- SQL Server 客户端连接SDK
Windows Server 2008 R2 and later server operating systems are not available as 32-bit architectures. All supported server operating systems are only available as 64-bit. All features are supported on 64-bit server operating systems.
SQL Server 2016的主要版本
The following table shows the operating system requirements for the principal editions of SQL Server 2016:
| SQL Server版本 | 支持的操作系统 |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Enterprise | Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Windows Server 2016 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Standard Windows Server 2012 Essentials Windows Server 2012 Foundation |
| SQL Server Standard | Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Windows Server 2016 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Standard Windows Server 2012 Essentials Windows Server 2012 Foundation Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Professional Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise |
| SQL Server Web | Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Windows Server 2016 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Standard Windows Server 2012 Essentials Windows Server 2012 Foundation |
SQL Server 2016的宽度版本
The following table shows the operating system requirements for the breadth editions of SQL Server 2016:
| SQL Server版本 | 支持的操作系统 |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Developer | Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Windows Server 2016 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Standard Windows Server 2012 Essentials Windows Server 2012 Foundation Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Professional Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise |
| SQL Server Express | Windows Server 2016 Datacenter Windows Server 2016 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Standard Windows Server 2012 Essentials Windows Server 2012 Foundation Windows 10 Home Windows 10 Professional Windows 10 Enterprise Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise Windows 8 Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise |
跨语言支持
For more information about cross-language support and considerations for installing SQL Server in localized languages, see Local Language Versions in SQL Server.
磁盘空间需求
During installation of SQL Server 2016, Windows Installer creates temporary files on the system drive. Before you run Setup to install or upgrade SQL Server, verify that you have at least 6.0 GB of available disk space on the system drive for these files. This requirement applies even if you install SQL Server components to a non-default drive.
实际磁盘空间需求取决于你的系统配置以及你决定安装哪些功能。下表提供了SQL Server 2016组件的磁盘空间需求。
| 功能 | 磁盘空间需求 |
|---|---|
| 数据库引擎和数据文件、复制、全文搜索和数据质量服务 | 1480 MB |
| Database Engine (as above) with R Services (In-Database) | 2744 MB |
| Database Engine (as above) with PolyBase Query Service for External Data | 4194 MB |
| 分析服务和数据文件 | 698 MB |
| 报表服务 | 967 MB |
| Microsoft R Server (Standalone) | 280 MB |
| Reporting Services - SharePoint | 1203 MB |
| Reporting Services Add-in for SharePoint Products | 325 MB |
| 数据质量客户端 | 121 MB |
| 客户端工具连接 | 328 MB |
| 集成服务 | 306 MB |
| Client Components (other than SQL Server Books Online components and Integration Services tools) | 445 MB |
| 主数据服务 | 280 MB |
| SQL Server Books Online Components to view and manage help content* | 27 MB |
| 全功能 | 8030 MB |
*The disk space requirement for downloaded Books Online content is 200 MB.
数据文件的存储类型
The supported storage types for data files are:
- Local Disk
- Shared Storage
- Storage Spaces Direct (S2D)
- SMB File Share
Note
SMB storage is not supported for Analysis Services data files for either standalone or clustered installations. Use direct attached storage, a storage area network, or S2D instead.
Important
SMB storage can be hosted by a Windows File Server or a third party SMB storage device. If Windows File Server is used, the Windows File Server version should be 2008 or later. For more information about installing SQL Server using SMB file share as a storage option, see Install SQL Server with SMB Fileshare as a Storage Option.
Warning
SQL Server failover cluster installation supports Local Disk only for installing the tempdb files. Ensure that the path specified for the tempdb data and log files is valid on all the cluster nodes. During failover, if the tempdb directories are not available on the failover target node, the SQL Server resource will fail to come online.
在域控制器上安装SQL Server
For security reasons, we recommend that you do not install SQL Server 2016 on a domain controller. SQL Server Setup will not block installation on a computer that is a domain controller, but the following limitations apply:
- You cannot run SQL Server services on a domain controller under a local service account.
- After SQL Server is installed on a computer, you cannot change the computer from a domain member to a domain controller. You must uninstall SQL Server before you change the host computer to a domain controller.
- After SQL Server is installed on a computer, you cannot change the computer from a domain controller to a domain member. You must uninstall SQL Server before you change the host computer to a domain member.
- SQL Server failover cluster instances are not supported where cluster nodes are domain controllers.
- SQL Server is not supported on a read-only domain controller. SQL Server Setup cannot create security groups or provision SQL Server service accounts on a read-only domain controller. In this scenario, Setup will fail.
- A SQL Server failover cluster instance is not not supported in an environment where only a read-only domain controller is accessible.